Characterisation of the participating groups

 

participant (infrastructure)	sources and beam lines	physicists and technicians	users / collaborations	committee	beam time distribution	projects
CEA-Grenoble	ECR (14.5 GHz); 5 beam lines ; 1-20 keV/q ; beams of C60q+	6	internal users 4 collaborations 5 external users	‘Commitee de l’experience’	35-40 weeks/ year	ion/cluster collisions ; fullerene/fullerene collisions ; Coulomb instability
HMI-Berlin	Hypernanogun ECR (14.5 GHz) 4 beam lines low energy: 1eV - 15 keV/q	6	5 groups	user-committee		ion/surface collisions, plasmon excitation ; STM/AFM - work
JLU-Giessen	ECR-sources 2.5/5/10/14 GHz, beams of C60q+ and C60,70,84-		internal users, collaborations, 1 external group	no committee		ion/ion collisions, electron impact ionisation, total cross sections and angular distributions
KVI-Groningen	ECR (14 GHz), deceleration, 5 eV/amu		internal users, collaborations	no committee	50 weeks	collisions with atoms, molecules and surfaces, biomolecules, magnetised surfaces, MOT experiment
MSL-Stockholm	MINIS, CRYSIS,ECR (14.5 GHz) storage ring, beams of molecular ions metastable ions		internal users, collaborations, external users	programme committee	50 % of available time for low-energy experiments	ion collisions with atoms, clusters, surfaces ; laser spectroscopy, SMILE-trap - precise mass spectrometry
QUB-Belfast	GIEBEL I and II (ECR) ; floating beam line metastable ions, cooled H-target		internal users, guests	no committee		state-selective electron capture, electron-ion excitation, ion / surface interaction
TUW	ECR (2.45 / 5 GHz) 2 beam lines		internal users, collaborations	no committee		ion/surface interaction : sputtering, ion-induced electron emission, translational spectrometry
UAA-Aarhus	ESI, EBIS storage rings ELISA and ASTRID, Paul-trap, electro spray IS		collaborations	no committee	50% of beam time is used for the ring ASTRID	life time measurements, proteins, mass spectrometry needle fragmentation
user representatives		facilities used in the past			experimental projects
ERIS-Paris		Livermore-USA, Berkeley-USA, Caen-France, Grenoble-France			ion/surface interaction : deceleration, surface modification, X-ray spectroscopy,
LFU-Innsbruck		Wien, Austria			2 sector-field mass spectrometry, collisions of electrons with atoms, molecules and ions, fullerenes on surfaces,
UBI-Bielefeld		Groningen-Netherlands, Grenoble-France, Darmstadt-Germany Tokyo, Riken-Japan			Colombexplosion of small molecules, multihit detector,
FRT-Heraklion		Kansas-USA Frankfurt-Germany			Zero-degree Auger spectroscopy, hemispherical spectrometer + PSD

 

III) Discussion of individual projects

 

The persons who are in charge for the individual projects summarised at the beginning the aims and the ideas which have been defined in our proposal and they proposed possible lines along which we should try to tackle the problems and to find adequate solutions. In the first two projects (information, management and quality) direct actions are possible right away concerning for example the construction of the main LEIF home-page and the links to site- or project-specific web-pages or the organisation of a quality-meeting in July 2000 in Grenoble. A common htmlect of the other projects is the necessity to get a first overview on systems or methods which are actually applied at the different sites of the network. In the following some details are given for the 6 projects.

 

 

Project 1 : Information policy (T.J.M. Zouros)

Concerning this project the following decisions have been taken:

 

Implement a WWW address for the network

 

It is not possible to get as proposed address, as it already belongs to someone else. However an alternate address such as is still available. Better names might also be proposed and discussed.

 

The name can be obtained from various international organisations, but for its implementation a server has to be found. Accounts at a private network company may allow for such a possibility. This is still under investigation.

 

ii)   Include a general e-mail button for sending e-mail to all Leif members This will be

implemented as soon as the changes are made to the existing web-page.

 

iii)  Create a separate LEIF web-page for each network partner.

This page will describe the Leif partner; their facility/infrastructure as far as it pertains to the LEIF network and the role and projects of the particular partner is involved with in the LEIF network. Eventually it will also link to the homepage of the specific laboratory or institute.

This separate LEIF-pages will be prepared as soon as special forms sent by e-mail to the representatives of each network partner for completing have been returned.

Project 2 : Management and quality (H. Lebius)

 

Common evaluation forms

It was agreed to define a common way to measure ion beam currents which are available for the user in a standardised form. During the discussion of the technical projects a versatile method to measure the current with fixed beam diameter and divergence was found. A design of this Faraday cup is currently underway, it will be distributed to the participants for discussion. The different facilities agreed to publish their beam characteristics on the LEIF web page. The actual beam currents will be replaced by those measured with the standardised Faraday cup upon availability.

Beam-time distribution

At the present stage, a centralised beam-time distribution causes certain problems as some national laboratories are obliged by their funding agencies to run a local committee. It was agreed upon to take a step-by-step approach and to discuss different intermediate solutions, which have to be clarified in future sub-meetings. However, the LEIF-web page is supposed to be used as a central hub for information distribution, starting with the performance figures of each infrastructure discussed above. It seems to be premature to invoke centralised beam-time distribution already for the first year in Berlin. However, a strong participation of the users will be needed to discuss possible problems and solutions of a centralised distribution (trade secrets etc.).

Quality norms

The date of the kick-off meeting had to be changed several times due to the delay in signing the network contract by the European Commission. Therefore it was not possible to schedule the quality courses (ISO 9000 and quality in research) for this meeting as being planned. They will be held in Berlin instead. A preparation meeting with the tutors and the network representatives participating in this specific project will be held the 7th of July in Grenoble.

Prioritised developments

It was agreed upon to compile a list of possible developments on the LEIF web-page. When this list reaches a ‘critical mass’, a prioritisation will be made on a future network meeting.

 

 

Project 3 : On-line acces (Hp. Winter)

 

The principal goal of this sub-project is the design and construction of LEIF - a virtual large research facility for delivering low-energy ion beams of a wide variety - by mutual connection of low-energy ion beam facilities and experiments of the eight LEIF operators and of experiments of the four LEIF users. Achievement of this ambitious goal will not only set a shining example in the spirit of the „European Research Area“ which has been proposed by the EU commission and is now discussed for its implementation in the 6. EU framework programme and thereafter. In addition, LEIF will lend strong support to future basic and applied research activities involving low-energy ion beams for various scientific and technical fields, and existence of LEIF should definitely improve the probability for obtaining future EU network project grants in related research disciplines. The building-up of LEIF can be achieved in the following four consecutive steps.

(a)     Collection of all pertinent information regarding low-energy ion beam facilities of the LEIF operators and other European groups, and of competitive experimental activities and plans of LEIF operators and -users. This information has to be provided in a way that its future high-quality internet presentation will be facilitated. Furthermore, efficient ways for fast communication and data transfer within LEIF will have to be devised, including the setting-up of a common safety standard for respective data access.

(b)     Overview on the existing experimental control at LEIF partners with the aim to devise and implement common standards for future networking among all eight LEIF facilities and related experiments.

(c)     Standardisation of experimental control and data-transfer within LEIF, and demonstration of the feasibility to carry out common experiments for different LEIF partners.

(d)     Discussion of a future implementation of remote experimental control within LEIF.

 

 

Project 4: Common tools and multi-coincidence detectors (H.O.Lutz)

 

In the coordination meeting the following points have been agreed upon:

-          The Bielefeld group will perform an enquete among the network groups as to the status of detector use by the groups; this concerns the type of detectors presently in use, the experimental requirements, plans for future use of multi-coincidence detectors as well as required specifications.

 

-          The Bielefeld group will collect information from the network partners, the web, literature, etc. on multihit-detector systems currently in use worldwide, with emphasis on low energy ion detection.

 

-          This information will be made available on the LEIF homepage.

 

-          Regarding possible other common tools (e. g., a multi-purpose chamber), there are at present no (parts of) equipments which can readily be standardized (except of course those adressed by the other projects 1-3, 5, 6). Therefore, in project 4 emphasis will be given to detector systems.

 

As a result of this action, a workshop on detector systems may be organized in 2001, possibly together with project 5 (ion sources) and project 6 (beam control). The plans will be made more concrete during the annual meeting in Berlin (Oct. 20-22, 2000).

 

 

Pproject 5 :Ion beam production (P. Hvelplund)

 

At the kick-off meeting representatives of the involved institutions reported on the present status of ion beam production in their respective laboratories. It became clear that the electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECR) is the most widely used ion source within the network. This ion source is ideal for the production of intense beams of highly charged atomic ions. Some laboratories are using at present other, more specialized ion sources in order to create ions in specified electronic states or to form ions of clusters or large molecules.

The world-wide expertise concerning ECR ion sources is well represented within the network, but as far as other ion sources are concerned it would be advantageous to involve outside expertise in future initiatives.

It was decided to collect information about excisting ion sources within the network,and to make a description of these ion sources available for both operators and users. It was futher decided to make a reference list to excisting ion source literature. This list should include both original articles, review articles and conference procedings. We will also try to collect catalogues from ion source manufactures, and distribute these among the operators. Likevise a list of names of persons representing ion source expertice from outside the network will be collected and distributed.

Initiatives to faciliate exchange of ion source know how will be supported. This exchange of knowledge could be in the form of short term exchange of post docs or technicians.

Finally it was decided to arrange a meeting,where operators,users and invited experts will meet and discuss present and future ways of ion beam production.

It is the intenstion of these initiatives to strengthen the excisting research programs, at the individual laboratories,and to help to support new initiatives conserning ions of clusters and biomolecules.

 

 

Project 6: Beam control and deceleration (R. Morgenstern)

 

Ion species, Intensity and Emittance:

 

An information page on the LEIF homepage which contains information on beam properties such as ion species, beam energies, and intensity will be set up. In first instance the most important quantity is beam current. Because of different technical htmlects as e.g. extraction diaphragms and voltages, and methods of measuring beam currents, the presently available information on beam currents is often of limited use for the users. It is agreed to give beam currents for ion beams collimated by two diaphragms in the 1-3 mm range which are approximately 5 cm apart. This mimics typical beam entrance optics of user set-ups. All operators (and users) will start supplying this kind of standardized information.

 

Beam Energy:

 

Typically the ion sources are run at kV potentials to allow for an efficient extraction and transportation of the ions. But many experiments require eV beam energies. The lowest energy that can be obtained is defined by the intrinsic energy spread of the primary beam. Typical values are in the 5-10xq eV range and depend strongly on the operation mode of the source. Linked to the energy spread is the energy off set of the primary beam by the plasma potential (values between 10 and 50xq V were reported). The actual amount of information is still limited but most operators have the facilities to determine the energy spreads and plasma potentials.

 

Beam purity:

 

Electronically pure (partially-stripped) ion beams, i.e., the fraction of metastable ions, can be pursued by different methods. Within LEIF experience exists or is being built up with different methods to tune fractions of electronically excited ions: double-translational energy spectroscopy (Belfast and Grenoble), guiding and storing (Stockholm, Aarhus and Groningen) and source operation (Vienna, Aarhus, Innsbruck and Belfast). Since the physics aims of the users are different, most experiments require tailored solutions. We plan to organize in the near future a workshop to make an inventory of the physics objectives of users and potential users and the corresponding experimental requirements.

 

 

 

IV) Importance of multiply charged ions in related fields

 

            Slow highly charged ions are very specific objects, which are highly reactive when coming in contact with matter. This is mainly due to the large amount of potential energy which is available in these systems and which may easily cause collective phenomena, like multi-electron transfer or ionisation processes or plasmon excitation etc. Therefore, these ions can play an important role in different environments or can be used as powerful tools to prepare or to modify other systems, which means, that they are interesting objects for applications. Historically, there was always a strong link between the field of highly charged ions and the field of plasma- or astrophysics. Especially after the construction of efficient ion sources for highly charged ions( in the 1970^th), many fusion-relevant cross sections have been measured and diagnostic methods been developed. But also the interaction with molecules, clusters or surfaces has been studied extensively, in most cases with the aim to better understand the fundamental processes of the interaction or mechanisms rather than to look for a possible direct application.

More recently, an increasing interest exists in evaluating the potential of multiply charged ions in different fields of application. In this spirit we tried within a short session to define the actual needs or possibilities in neighboured fields, where the physics of highly charged ions could provide essential contributions. The discussion was initiated by short contributions scanning the fields of plasma- and astrophysics, surface physics, the domain of molecules and bio-molecules, microelectronics and solids, or other applications. Some of the main ideas and key-words can be summarised as follows :

 

Plasma physics (fusion) :          Physics of the plasma edge region of fusion plasmas ;

Low energy collisions (for example C^q+, N^q+, O^q+  at 10 to 100 eV colliding with atoms, molecules or surfaces) ;

Reliable data on the plasma density by neutral beam diagnostics (Li, He, at 80 keV) ;

Low-Z and high-Z wall-materials (temperature) ;

Metastable electronically excited ion states ;

vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules ;

electron ion impact ionisation data ;

ion/ion data (heavy ion driven inertial fusion project (HIDIF) or the estimation of losses in storage rings).

 

Astrophysics :              X-rays from comet tails ;

                                   charge exchange with solar wind ;

                                   interaction of solar wind with interstellar gas ;

                                   collisions of highly charged ions with H₂0, CO₂, CO, OH, ...

 

Surface physics :          Sputtering by highly charged ions ;

                                   secondary ion emission ;

                                   secondary electron yield and neutral particle emission ;

                                    blister and track formation ;

                                   surface cleaning and characterisation (ion microscope)

                                   surface modification ;

                                   nano-structuring by self-assembled monolayers ;

                                   micro-capillaries.

 

(Bio)-molecules           formation of positive and negative ions of biomolecules

(proteins) ;

sequencing and high resolution mass spectrometry ;

‘needle fragmentation’ ;

matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) ;

radiation damage ;

energy transfer in molecules (bio-sensors).

 

Other fields :                Determination of vapour pressures (C₆₀);

                                   treatment of materials by low energy ion implantation.

 

Most of the subjects have been illustrated by examples, however, due to the lack of time, it was not possible, to discuss the different phenomena in great detail. Therefore, we plan to select some of these topics for a further and deeper discussion in near future, in order to concretise more clearly possible applications.

In this respect, we will try to initiate a new Euresco conference series (3. call for proposals is pending) dealing with the subject of the potential and possible applications of highly charged ions in different disciplines.

V) Decisions and recommendations of the network management board

            (NMB meeting)

 

In the following the points and subjects, which have been discussed during the session of the network management board as well as the corresponding decisions are summarised.

 

i)     Scientific reporting :

 

In order to assist the coordinator in editing the report of the kick-off meeting, the principal contractors who are responsible for one of the six projects agreed to prepare a short summary (1/2 to 1 page) which describes the planned activities in their project (aims at short term, result of the discussion, activities planned in the near future,....). The coordinator prefers to receive this document within the next two weeks in order to make the general report available by end of June.

 

ii)   Financial reporting :

 

A first cost statement has to be made at the 31.1.2001. The principal contractors have to fill out the form E-2/B and send it to the coordinator. Travel and subsistence costs shall be established on the basis of the usual rules of the participant. For further details of the documentation of costs see the articles 18 to 21 of the annex II as well as the cost estimation forms (see general conditions).

In order to keep the coordinator informed about the financial engagements taken by the different groups, the principal contractors are asked to inform the coordinator by sending a short note, which gives a brief statement on the type of activity, the project which is concerned as well as the approximate amount of money involved.

 

iii)  Documentation of ‘man-month’-values

 

In order to guarantee a good and effective documentation of the time, which has been spent by different persons on different projects, the principal contractors have to prepare an actual cumulative list, specifying the approximate date, the person’s name, the concerned project, the task and the estimated time (given in units of weeks).

 

iv) Individual projects

 

The different projects and the individual strategies have been summarised by the responsible managers. A summary of the activities upon which the NMB has agreed are given above in section III).

 

v)   Annual meeting in Berlin

 

The length of the annual meeting has been fixed to 3 (or 2.5) days, the number of participants is expected to be ~ 40 - 50. The following date has been proposed: 20.-22. of October 2000 (Friday to Sunday). The first day should be devoted to administrative activities (lecture on quality, reporting on different projects, NMB). During the other days the user projects (internal users and invited external users) should be presented and key-lectures in specific fields of ion/matter interaction should be given by invited experts. For this purpose a list of users and experts has to be established.

 

vi) Situation of CEA-Grenoble

 

According to the actual internal perspectives of CEA, the activities concerning the accelerator AIM at Grenoble will be transferred after July 2001 to Ganil at Caen, in order to create there a strong low-energy facility by combining the AIM-activities with those actually under development at CIRIL. This transfer will not change or influence the programmes and projects of the network LEIF.

 

vii) HCI - conference

 

The European Commission has agreed that the coordinator and some of the principal contractors are allowed to finance the attendance of the HCI-Conference in Berkeley this year by the network money. This is a unique and exceptional decision, as the money has normally to be spent within Europe. The EC has accepted the arguments that it is important to inform the community about the aims of the newly formed network LEIF and that the HCI gives a excellent chance to activate new clients working with ions or in closely related fields. We decided to limit this possibility to less than one half of the participating groups. We have agreed for the following cases:

 

CEA  (B. Huber)         ;           Berlin  (N. Stolterfoht) Giessen  (R. Trassl)

Wien  (F. Aumayr)                  Bielefeld  (U. Werner)

 

viii) Euresco conference (3. call)

 

            We discussed the possibility of proposing an Euresco Conference Series concerning the ‘Potential of highly charged ions and their applications in different fields (like microelectronics, plasma physics, material science, biology,....)’. The 3. call concerns conferences for the year 2002 and after and has to be proposed by 15.9.2000. About 30 proposals are likely to be accepted. Candidates who would like to participate actively in such a project are asked to contact the coordinator.

 

VI) Annex

 

a)  List of participants

 

 

1          Bernd A. Huber                       CEA-Grenoble                        France

2          Henning Lebius                        CEA-Grenoble                        France

3          Nikolaus Stolterfoht                 HMI-Berlin                             Germany

4          Volker Hoffmann                     HMI-Berlin                             Germany

5          Erhard Salzborn                       Justus Liebig Universitat

                                                           Giessen                                   Germany

6          Roland Trassl                           Justus Liebig Universitat

                                                           Giessen                                   Germany

7          Ronnie Hoekstra                      KVI-Groningen                       Netherlands

8          Thomas Schlatholter                KVI-Groningen                       Netherlands

9          Orjan Skeppstedt                    MSL-Stockholm                     Sweden

10        Karl G. Rensfelt                       MSL-Stockholm                     Sweden

11        Henrik Cederquist                   Stockholm University               Sweden

12        Robert W. McCullough           Queens University

                                                           Belfast                                     United Kingdom

13        Jason Greenwood                    Queens University

                                                           Belfast                                     United Kingdom

14        Hannspeter Winter                   TU Wien                                 Austria

15        Friedrich Aumayr                     TU Wien                                 Austria

16        Hannes Stockel                       TU Wien                                 Austria

17        Preben Hvelplund                    University of Aarhus                Denmark

18        Soeren Pape Moeller               University of Aarhus                Denmark

19        Tillman Mark                           Leopold Franzens

                                                           Universitat Innsbruck               Austria

20        Hans O. Lutz                           Universitat Bielefeld                 Germany

21        Udo Werner                            Universitat Bielefeld                 Germany

22        Carola Haumann                      Universitat Bielefeld                 Germany

23        Theo J.M. Zouros                    Foundation for Research

                                                           and Technology Hellas Greece

 

 

Remark :

 

Two further colleagues

 

Paul Scheier                            Leopold Franzens

                                               Universitat Innsbruck               Austria

and

Gianni Giardino                        Universite ParisVI                    France

 

had to cancel their participation in the last minute due to personnel reasons. Other members of the groupe ERIS (Paris) have been excused, as they had to use beamtime, attributed at the University of Berkeley, USA, for performing ion/surface experiments during this week.

b)  Programme of the Kick-off meeting of the LEIF network

 

to be held 22./23. of May 2000

at the centre of CEA-Grenoble / France

Batiment B / annexe Doc centrale

 

Monday, 22.5.2000

 

9⁰⁰       Welcome

            Status and structure of the network      (general information)               (B.A. Huber)

 

9²⁰       Presentation of the 8 infrastructures

            (15 min / each : installation, sources, users, committee( _), projects...) 

 

            Grenoble                                                                    (H. Lebius)

            Berlin                                                                          (N. Stolterfoht)

            Giessen                                                                       (E. Salzborn, R. Trassl)

            Groningen                                                                   (R. Hoekstra)

            Stockholm                                                                  (O. Skeppstedt)

 

10³⁵     Coffee

 

10⁵⁰     Belfast                                                                        (R. McCullough)

            Wien                                                                          (F. Aumayr)

            Aarhus                                                                        (P. Hvelplund)

 

11³⁵     Using ion beam facilities

            ( ~ 10 min./ each user-representative : projects and used facilities)

            Innsbruck                                                                   (T. Mark)

            Bielefeld                                                                     (H.O. Lutz)

            Heraklion                                                                    (T. Zouros)

 

12¹⁵ - 14⁰⁰       Lunch

 

14⁰⁰     Discussion of individual projects

(main objectives, balance of the actual situation, possible solutions, collaborations, meetings...)

 

14⁰⁰       Information policy                                                                               (T. Zouros)

14⁴⁰       Management and quality                                                                     (H. Lebius)

 

15³⁰     Coffee

 

15⁵⁰       On line access                                                                                    (Hp. Winter)

16³⁰     Common tools and multi-coincidence detectors                                   (H.O. Lutz)

 

17³⁰- 18³⁰           Visit of the AIM-facility (aperitif)

 

20⁰⁰     Dinner

Tuesday, 23.5.2000

 

 

8³⁰       Discussion of individual projects (cont.)

 

8³⁰       Ion beam production                                                               (P. Hvelplund)

9¹⁰       Ion beam control and deceleration                                           (R. Hoekstra)

 

 

9⁵⁰       Application of low-energy multiply charged ions

            (round table discussion with contributions in the following fields)                                 

 

ion / plasma                                         Hp. Winter, R. Hoekstra, E. Salzborn

R.  McCullough, .......

                        astrophysics                                        J. Greenwood....

.

10³⁰ - 10⁴⁵ Coffee

 

ion / surface                                         F. Aumayr, Stolterfoht,

 

ion / biomolecules                                P. Hvelplund, J. Greenwood,

H.O. Lutz,.....

 

low-energy implantation                       H. Lebius, .....

 

others :                       

determination of vapour pressures        H. Cederquist, .....                              

carbon therapy, ion chemistry,........

 

 

12⁰⁰     Technical meeting of the NMB

 

                        (management of LEIF ; scientific and financial reporting ;

collaborations within individual projects ;

                        project meetings and annual LEIF - meetings ;

                        meeting 2000 in Berlin ; users and experts to be invited)

 

 

13³⁰ - 15⁰⁰       Lunch

 

 

15⁰⁰     End of the kick-off meeting